MySQL 8.4 发行说明
本节介绍如何使用 openssl 命令设置供 MySQL 服务器和客户端使用的 SSL 证书和密钥文件。第一个示例展示了一个简化的过程，例如您可能在命令行中使用的过程。第二个示例展示了一个包含更多细节的脚本。前两个示例旨在在 Unix 上使用，并且都使用 OpenSSL 中的 openssl 命令。第三个示例描述如何在 Windows 上设置 SSL 文件。
注意
与此处描述的过程相比，生成 SSL 所需文件更简单的替代方法是让服务器自动生成它们；请参阅 第 8.3.3.1 节，“使用 MySQL 创建 SSL 和 RSA 证书和密钥”。
重要
无论使用哪种方法生成证书和密钥文件，用于服务器和客户端证书/密钥的“通用名称”值都必须与用于 CA 证书的“通用名称”值不同。否则，证书和密钥文件将不适用于使用 OpenSSL 编译的服务器。这种情况下的典型错误是
ERROR 2026 (HY000): SSL connection error:
error:00000001:lib(0):func(0):reason(1)重要
如果连接到 MySQL 服务器实例的客户端使用带有 extendedKeyUsage 扩展名（X.509 v3 扩展名）的 SSL 证书，则扩展密钥用法必须包括客户端身份验证（clientAuth）。如果仅针对服务器身份验证（serverAuth）和其他非客户端证书目的指定了 SSL 证书，则证书验证将失败，并且客户端与 MySQL 服务器实例的连接将失败。按照本主题中的说明使用 openssl 命令创建的 SSL 证书中没有 extendedKeyUsage 扩展名。如果使用以其他方式创建的自己的客户端证书，请确保任何 extendedKeyUsage 扩展名都包含客户端身份验证。
以下示例展示了一组用于创建 MySQL 服务器和客户端证书和密钥文件的命令。您必须响应 openssl 命令的多个提示。要生成测试文件，您可以按 Enter 键以响应所有提示。要生成用于生产环境的文件，您应该提供非空响应。
# Create clean environment
rm -rf newcerts
mkdir newcerts && cd newcerts
# Create CA certificate
openssl genrsa 2048 > ca-key.pem
openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 3600 \
-key ca-key.pem -out ca.pem
# Create server certificate, remove passphrase, and sign it
# server-cert.pem = public key, server-key.pem = private key
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 \
-nodes -keyout server-key.pem -out server-req.pem
openssl rsa -in server-key.pem -out server-key.pem
openssl x509 -req -in server-req.pem -days 3600 \
-CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out server-cert.pem
# Create client certificate, remove passphrase, and sign it
# client-cert.pem = public key, client-key.pem = private key
openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3600 \
-nodes -keyout client-key.pem -out client-req.pem
openssl rsa -in client-key.pem -out client-key.pem
openssl x509 -req -in client-req.pem -days 3600 \
-CA ca.pem -CAkey ca-key.pem -set_serial 01 -out client-cert.pem生成证书后，请验证它们
openssl verify -CAfile ca.pem server-cert.pem client-cert.pem您应该看到如下响应
server-cert.pem: OK
client-cert.pem: OK要查看证书的内容（例如，要检查证书的有效日期范围），请像这样调用 openssl
openssl x509 -text -in ca.pem
openssl x509 -text -in server-cert.pem
openssl x509 -text -in client-cert.pem现在，您有了一组可以按如下方式使用的文件
有关其他使用说明，请参阅第 8.3.1 节 “配置 MySQL 以使用加密连接”。
以下是一个示例脚本，展示了如何为 MySQL 设置 SSL 证书和密钥文件。执行脚本后，请按照第 8.3.1 节 “配置 MySQL 以使用加密连接”中的说明使用这些文件进行 SSL 连接。
DIR=`pwd`/openssl
PRIV=$DIR/private
mkdir $DIR $PRIV $DIR/newcerts
cp /usr/share/ssl/openssl.cnf $DIR
replace ./demoCA $DIR -- $DIR/openssl.cnf
# Create necessary files: $database, $serial and $new_certs_dir
# directory (optional)
touch $DIR/index.txt
echo "01" > $DIR/serial
#
# Generation of Certificate Authority(CA)
#
openssl req -new -x509 -keyout $PRIV/cakey.pem -out $DIR/ca.pem \
-days 3600 -config $DIR/openssl.cnf
# Sample output:
# Using configuration from /home/jones/openssl/openssl.cnf
# Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
# ................++++++
# .........++++++
# writing new private key to '/home/jones/openssl/private/cakey.pem'
# Enter PEM pass phrase:
# Verifying password - Enter PEM pass phrase:
# -----
# You are about to be asked to enter information to be
# incorporated into your certificate request.
# What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name
# or a DN.
# There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
# For some fields there will be a default value,
# If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
# -----
# Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:FI
# State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:.
# Locality Name (eg, city) []:
# Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MySQL AB
# Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
# Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:MySQL admin
# Email Address []:
#
# Create server request and key
#
openssl req -new -keyout $DIR/server-key.pem -out \
$DIR/server-req.pem -days 3600 -config $DIR/openssl.cnf
# Sample output:
# Using configuration from /home/jones/openssl/openssl.cnf
# Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
# ..++++++
# ..........++++++
# writing new private key to '/home/jones/openssl/server-key.pem'
# Enter PEM pass phrase:
# Verifying password - Enter PEM pass phrase:
# -----
# You are about to be asked to enter information that will be
# incorporated into your certificate request.
# What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name
# or a DN.
# There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
# For some fields there will be a default value,
# If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
# -----
# Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:FI
# State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:.
# Locality Name (eg, city) []:
# Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MySQL AB
# Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
# Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:MySQL server
# Email Address []:
#
# Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
# to be sent with your certificate request
# A challenge password []:
# An optional company name []:
#
# Remove the passphrase from the key
#
openssl rsa -in $DIR/server-key.pem -out $DIR/server-key.pem
#
# Sign server cert
#
openssl ca -cert $DIR/ca.pem -policy policy_anything \
-out $DIR/server-cert.pem -config $DIR/openssl.cnf \
-infiles $DIR/server-req.pem
# Sample output:
# Using configuration from /home/jones/openssl/openssl.cnf
# Enter PEM pass phrase:
# Check that the request matches the signature
# Signature ok
# The Subjects Distinguished Name is as follows
# countryName :PRINTABLE:'FI'
# organizationName :PRINTABLE:'MySQL AB'
# commonName :PRINTABLE:'MySQL admin'
# Certificate is to be certified until Sep 13 14:22:46 2003 GMT
# (365 days)
# Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
#
#
# 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
# Write out database with 1 new entries
# Data Base Updated
#
# Create client request and key
#
openssl req -new -keyout $DIR/client-key.pem -out \
$DIR/client-req.pem -days 3600 -config $DIR/openssl.cnf
# Sample output:
# Using configuration from /home/jones/openssl/openssl.cnf
# Generating a 1024 bit RSA private key
# .....................................++++++
# .............................................++++++
# writing new private key to '/home/jones/openssl/client-key.pem'
# Enter PEM pass phrase:
# Verifying password - Enter PEM pass phrase:
# -----
# You are about to be asked to enter information that will be
# incorporated into your certificate request.
# What you are about to enter is what is called a Distinguished Name
# or a DN.
# There are quite a few fields but you can leave some blank
# For some fields there will be a default value,
# If you enter '.', the field will be left blank.
# -----
# Country Name (2 letter code) [AU]:FI
# State or Province Name (full name) [Some-State]:.
# Locality Name (eg, city) []:
# Organization Name (eg, company) [Internet Widgits Pty Ltd]:MySQL AB
# Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) []:
# Common Name (eg, YOUR name) []:MySQL user
# Email Address []:
#
# Please enter the following 'extra' attributes
# to be sent with your certificate request
# A challenge password []:
# An optional company name []:
#
# Remove the passphrase from the key
#
openssl rsa -in $DIR/client-key.pem -out $DIR/client-key.pem
#
# Sign client cert
#
openssl ca -cert $DIR/ca.pem -policy policy_anything \
-out $DIR/client-cert.pem -config $DIR/openssl.cnf \
-infiles $DIR/client-req.pem
# Sample output:
# Using configuration from /home/jones/openssl/openssl.cnf
# Enter PEM pass phrase:
# Check that the request matches the signature
# Signature ok
# The Subjects Distinguished Name is as follows
# countryName :PRINTABLE:'FI'
# organizationName :PRINTABLE:'MySQL AB'
# commonName :PRINTABLE:'MySQL user'
# Certificate is to be certified until Sep 13 16:45:17 2003 GMT
# (365 days)
# Sign the certificate? [y/n]:y
#
#
# 1 out of 1 certificate requests certified, commit? [y/n]y
# Write out database with 1 new entries
# Data Base Updated
#
# Create a my.cnf file that you can use to test the certificates
#
cat <<EOF > $DIR/my.cnf
[client]
ssl-ca=$DIR/ca.pem
ssl-cert=$DIR/client-cert.pem
ssl-key=$DIR/client-key.pem
[mysqld]
ssl_ca=$DIR/ca.pem
ssl_cert=$DIR/server-cert.pem
ssl_key=$DIR/server-key.pem
EOF如果您的系统上未安装 OpenSSL for Windows，请下载它。您可以在此处查看可用软件包的概述
http://www.slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html根据您的体系结构（32 位或 64 位）选择 Win32 OpenSSL Light 或 Win64 OpenSSL Light 软件包。默认安装位置是 C:\OpenSSL-Win32 或 C:\OpenSSL-Win64，具体取决于您下载的软件包。以下说明假定默认位置为 C:\OpenSSL-Win32。如果您使用的是 64 位软件包，请根据需要修改此路径。
如果在安装过程中出现消息指示 '...缺少关键组件：Microsoft Visual C++ 2019 Redistributables'，请取消安装并根据您的体系结构（32 位或 64 位）下载以下软件包之一
Visual C++ 2008 Redistributables (x86)，可从以下网址获取
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=9B2DA534-3E03-4391-8A4D-074B9F2BC1BFVisual C++ 2008 Redistributables (x64)，可从以下网址获取
http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?familyid=bd2a6171-e2d6-4230-b809-9a8d7548c1b6
安装其他软件包后，重新启动 OpenSSL 安装过程。
在安装过程中，将默认的 C:\OpenSSL-Win32 保留为安装路径，并保留默认选项 '将 OpenSSL DLL 文件复制到 Windows 系统目录' 为选中状态。
安装完成后，将 C:\OpenSSL-Win32\bin 添加到服务器的 Windows 系统路径变量中（根据您的 Windows 版本，以下路径设置说明可能略有不同）
在 Windows 桌面上，右键单击我的电脑图标，然后选择。
从出现的菜单中选择选项卡，然后单击按钮。
在系统变量下，选择，然后单击按钮。对话框应会显示。
在末尾添加
';C:\OpenSSL-Win32\bin'（注意分号）。按 3 次确定。
通过打开新的命令控制台（开始>运行>cmd.exe）并验证 OpenSSL 是否可用，检查 OpenSSL 是否已正确集成到路径变量中
Microsoft Windows [Version ...] Copyright (c) 2006 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. C:\Windows\system32>cd \ C:\>openssl OpenSSL> exit <<< If you see the OpenSSL prompt, installation was successful. C:\>
安装 OpenSSL 后，请使用与示例 1（本节前面已介绍）类似的说明，并进行以下更改
更改以下 Unix 命令
# Create clean environment rm -rf newcerts mkdir newcerts && cd newcerts在 Windows 上，请改用以下命令
# Create clean environment md c:\newcerts cd c:\newcerts如果在命令行的末尾显示
'\'字符，则必须删除此'\'字符，并将所有命令行输入在一行中。
生成证书和密钥文件后，要将它们用于 SSL 连接，请参阅第 8.3.1 节 “配置 MySQL 以使用加密连接”。